Mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso ndi mphamvu yochokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimadzabweranso pamlingo wapamwamba kuposa zomwe zimadyedwa.Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa dzuŵa ndi mphepo ndi magwero otero amene akuwonjezeredwa nthaŵi zonse.Magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi ochuluka komanso otizungulira.
Mafuta amafuta - malasha, mafuta ndi gasi - kumbali ina, ndi zinthu zosasinthika zomwe zimatenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti zipangidwe.Mafuta oyaka, akawotchedwa kuti apange mphamvu, amatulutsa mpweya woipa wowonjezera kutentha, monga carbon dioxide.
Kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala wotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwotcha mafuta oyaka.Kusintha kuchokera ku mafuta oyaka mafuta, omwe pakali pano amapangitsa kuti mikango ikhale yotulutsa mpweya, kupita ku mphamvu zowonjezera ndizofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi vuto la nyengo.
Zongowonjezedwanso ndizotsika mtengo m'maiko ambiri, ndipo zimapanga ntchito kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mafuta oyaka.
Nawa magwero ochepa a mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso:
MPHAMVU ZA DZUWA
Mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa ndizomwe zimachulukirachulukira kuposa mphamvu zonse ndipo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukakhala mitambo.Mlingo womwe mphamvu yadzuwa imalandidwa ndi Dziko Lapansi ndi pafupifupi nthawi 10,000 kuposa momwe anthu amawonongera mphamvu.
Tekinoloje ya solar imatha kupereka kutentha, kuziziritsa, kuyatsa kwachilengedwe, magetsi, ndi mafuta pakugwiritsa ntchito zambiri.Ukadaulo wamagetsi adzuwa umasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pa mapanelo opangira ma photovoltaic kapena magalasi omwe amawunikira kwambiri kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ngakhale kuti si mayiko onse omwe ali ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi mphamvu za dzuwa, kuthandizira kwambiri pakusakanikirana kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kotheka kwa dziko lililonse.
Mtengo wopangira ma solar solar watsika kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo komanso nthawi zambiri magetsi otsika mtengo.Ma sola amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 30, ndipo amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
MPHAMVU YAMPHEPO
Mphamvu yamphepo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yoyenda mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendera mphepo omwe ali pamtunda (m'mphepete mwa nyanja) kapena m'madzi a m'nyanja kapena m'madzi opanda mchere (kumtunda).Mphamvu zamphepo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, koma matekinoloje a mphamvu yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja asintha pazaka zingapo zapitazi kuti achulukitse magetsi opangidwa - okhala ndi ma turbine ataliatali ndi ma diameter akulu ozungulira.
Ngakhale kuti mphepo yamkuntho imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo, luso la dziko lapansi la mphamvu yamphepo limaposa kupanga magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuthekera kokwanira kulipo m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamphepo.
Madera ambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi liwiro lamphamvu la mphepo, koma malo abwino kwambiri opangira mphamvu yamphepo nthawi zina amakhala akutali.Mphamvu yamphepo ya ku Offshore imapereka kuthekera kwakukulu.
ENERGY YA GEOTHERMAL
Mphamvu ya Geothermal imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapezeka mkati mwa Dziko Lapansi.Kutentha kumachotsedwa m'madzi osungiramo madzi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsime kapena njira zina.
Ma reservoirs omwe mwachibadwa amakhala otentha mokwanira komanso otha kulowa mkati amatchedwa ma hydrothermal reservoirs, pomwe madamu omwe amakhala otentha mokwanira koma omwe amapangidwa bwino ndi kukondoweza kwa hydraulic amatchedwa ma enhanced geothermal systems.
Akafika pamwamba, madzi amadzi otentha amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magetsi.Ukadaulo wopangira magetsi kuchokera m'madamu a hydrothermal ndi okhwima komanso odalirika, ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 100.
Mphamvu ya HydroOP
Mphamvu ya Hydropower imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi kusuntha kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumunsi.Ikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera kumadziwe ndi mitsinje.Mafakitale opangira mphamvu yamadzi amadalira madzi osungidwa m'malo osungiramo madzi, pomwe makina opangira magetsi oyendera madzi a m'mphepete mwa mtsinje amatenga mphamvu kuchokera kumtsinje womwe ukuyenda.
Malo osungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri - kupereka madzi akumwa, madzi othirira, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi chilala, ntchito zoyendera, komanso magetsi.
Mphamvu ya Hydropower pakali pano ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri lamphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'gawo lamagetsi.Zimadalira kukhazikika kwa mvula, ndipo zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi chilala chobwera chifukwa cha nyengo kapena kusintha kwa chilengedwe komwe kumakhudza momwe mvula imagwa.
Zomangamanga zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange mphamvu yamadzi zitha kukhudzanso zachilengedwe m'njira zoyipa.Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri amaona kuti hydro yaing'ono ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira zachilengedwe, komanso yoyenera madera akutali.
NYANJA ZA PAnyanja
Mphamvu ya m'nyanja imachokera ku matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kinetic ndi kutentha kwa madzi a m'nyanja - mafunde kapena mafunde mwachitsanzo - kupanga magetsi kapena kutentha.
Mphamvu zamagetsi zam'nyanja zidakali pachitukuko, ndipo zida zingapo zofananira ndi mafunde akufufuzidwa.Kuthekera kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu zam'nyanja kumaposa mphamvu zomwe anthu amafunikira masiku ano.
BIOENERGY
Bioenergy imapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, zomwe zimatchedwa biomass, monga nkhuni, makala, ndowe ndi manyowa ena pofuna kutentha ndi kupanga magetsi, ndi mbewu zaulimi zopangira mafuta amadzimadzi.Ma biomass ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumidzi kuphika, kuyatsa ndi kutenthetsa malo, makamaka ndi anthu osauka m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Njira zamakono za biomass zimaphatikizapo mbewu kapena mitengo yodzipereka, zotsalira zaulimi ndi nkhalango, ndi mitsinje yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala.
Mphamvu yopangidwa ndi kuyatsa kwachilengedwe imapangitsa kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha utuluke, koma pamlingo wocheperako kuposa kuyatsa mafuta oyaka ngati malasha, mafuta kapena gasi.Komabe, mphamvu ya bioenergy iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, poganizira zovuta zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe zokhudzana ndi kukwera kwakukulu kwa nkhalango ndi minda yamagetsi, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango ndi kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-29-2022