Mabatire a Scooter amagetsi
Batire ndi "thanki yamafuta" ya scooter yanu yamagetsi. Imasunga mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DC motor, magetsi, chowongolera, ndi zina zowonjezera.

Ma scooter ambiri amagetsi amakhala ndi mtundu wina wa batire yochokera ku lithiamu ion chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwamphamvu komanso moyo wautali. Ma scooter ambiri amagetsi a ana ndi mitundu ina yotsika mtengo amakhala ndi mabatire a lead-acid. Mu scooter, batire imapangidwa ndi maselo ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimatchedwa batire management system zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwire ntchito bwino.
Mabatire akuluakulu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimayesedwa mu maola a watt, ndipo zimathandiza kuti scooter yamagetsi iyende patsogolo. Komabe, zimawonjezeranso kukula ndi kulemera kwa scooter - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kunyamulika. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zodula kwambiri za scooter ndipo mtengo wonse umakwera moyenerera.

Mitundu ya Mabatire
Ma batire a e-scooter amapangidwa ndi ma cell ambiri a batire. Makamaka, amapangidwa ndi ma cell 18650, gulu la kukula kwa mabatire a lithiamu ion (Li-Ion) okhala ndi miyeso ya cylindrical ya 18 mm x 65 mm.

Selo iliyonse ya 18650 mu paketi ya batri siigwira ntchito bwino — imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi ya ~3.6 volts (nominal) ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito pafupifupi maola 2.6 amp (2.6 A·ah) kapena pafupifupi maola 9.4 a watt (9.4 Wh).

Ma cell a batri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira ma volts 3.0 (0% chaji) mpaka ma volts 4.2 (100% chaji).

Lithiamu Ion
Mabatire a Li-Ion ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amasunga pa kulemera kwawo. Amakhalanso ndi moyo wautali kwambiri zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kutulutsidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwanso kapena "kuzunguliridwa" kangapo koma amakhalabe ndi mphamvu yosungira.

Li-ion kwenikweni imatanthauza ma chemical ambiri a batri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu ion. Nayi mndandanda waufupi pansipa:

Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4); amadziwikanso kuti IMR, LMO, Li-manganese
Lithium manganese nickel (LiNiMnCoO2); aka INR, NMC
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminiyamu oxide (LiNiCoAlO2); aka NCA, Li-aluminium
Lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); yomwe imatchedwanso NCO2
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); aka ICR, LCO, Li-cobalt
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4); aka IFR, LFP, ndi Li-phosphate
Chilichonse mwa zinthuzi chimayimira kusiyana pakati pa chitetezo, moyo wautali, mphamvu, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.

Lithium Manganese (INR, NMC)
Mwamwayi, ma scooter ambiri amagetsi abwino amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a INR — imodzi mwa mankhwala otetezeka kwambiri. Batri iyi imapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu yotulutsa. Kukhalapo kwa manganese kumachepetsa mphamvu yamkati ya batri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotulutsa ikhale yokwera komanso kutentha kukhale kochepa. Chifukwa chake, izi zimachepetsa mwayi woti kutentha kutha komanso moto.

Ma scooter ena amagetsi okhala ndi INR chemistry ndi monga WePed GT 50e ndi mitundu ya Dualtron.

Asidi wa lead
Asidi wa lead ndi mankhwala akale kwambiri a batri omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'magalimoto ndi magalimoto akuluakulu amagetsi, monga ngolo za gofu. Amapezekanso m'ma scooter ena amagetsi; makamaka, ma scooter a ana otsika mtengo ochokera kumakampani monga Razor.

Mabatire a lead-acid ali ndi ubwino woti ndi otsika mtengo, koma amavutika ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amalemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amasunga. Poyerekeza, mabatire a Li-ion ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo ka 10 kuposa mabatire a lead-acid.

Mapaketi a Batri
Kuti apange paketi ya batri yokhala ndi mphamvu ya maola mazana kapena zikwizikwi a ma watt, maselo ambiri a Li-ion a 18650 amasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kukhala ngati njerwa. Paketi ya batri yofanana ndi njerwa imayang'aniridwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi electronic circuit yotchedwa battery management system (BMS), yomwe imayang'anira kuyenda kwa magetsi kulowa ndi kutuluka mu batri.
Maselo aliwonse omwe ali mu paketi ya batri amalumikizidwa motsatizana (kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto) zomwe zimawerengera mphamvu yawo. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi ma scooter okhala ndi mabatire a 36 V, 48 V, 52 V, 60 V, kapena akuluakulu.

Zingwe izi (mabatire ambiri otsatizana) zimalumikizidwa pamodzi kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu yotulutsa.

Mwa kusintha chiwerengero cha maselo motsatizana komanso mofanana, opanga ma scooter amagetsi amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa kapena mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo komanso mphamvu ya ola limodzi.

Kusintha kasinthidwe ka batri sikudzawonjezera mphamvu yonse yosungidwa, koma kumalola bwino batri kupereka mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu zochepa komanso mosemphanitsa.

Voltage ndi % Yotsala
Selo iliyonse mu paketi ya batri nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito kuyambira pa ma volts 3.0 (0% chaji) mpaka ma volts 4.2 (100% chaji).

Izi zikutanthauza kuti paketi ya batire ya 36 V, (yokhala ndi mabatire 10 motsatizana) imagwira ntchito kuyambira 30 V (0% charge) mpaka 42 volts (100% charge). Mutha kuwona momwe % yotsala imagwirizanirana ndi voltage ya batire (ma scooter ena amawonetsa izi mwachindunji) pa mtundu uliwonse wa batire mu tchati chathu cha voltage ya batire.

Kutsika kwa Voteji
Batri iliyonse idzavutika ndi vuto lotchedwa voltage sag.

Kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumachitika chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zingapo, kuphatikizapo lithiamu-ion chemistry, kutentha, ndi kukana kwa magetsi. Nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri isagwire ntchito mofanana.

Katundu akangoyikidwa pa batire, mphamvu yamagetsi imatsika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zingayambitse kuyerekezera molakwika mphamvu ya batire. Ngati munkawerenga mphamvu ya batire mwachindunji, mungaganize kuti mwataya nthawi yomweyo 10% ya mphamvu yanu kapena kuposerapo.

Katundu akachotsedwa, mphamvu ya batri imabwerera pamlingo wake weniweni.

Kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumachitikanso pamene batire ikutulutsa mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali (monga pamene mukuyenda ulendo wautali). Kapangidwe ka lithiamu mu batire kamatenga nthawi kuti kagwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka. Izi zingapangitse kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ya batire itsike mofulumira kwambiri kumapeto kwa ulendo wautali.

Ngati batire iloledwa kupuma, idzabwerera pamlingo wake weniweni komanso wolondola wa voltage.

Ma Rating a Mphamvu
Mphamvu ya batri ya e-scooter imayesedwa mu mayunitsi a maola a watt (chidule cha Wh), muyeso wa mphamvu. Chida ichi n'chosavuta kumva. Mwachitsanzo, batri yokhala ndi 1 Wh imasunga mphamvu zokwanira kuti ipereke mphamvu ya watt imodzi kwa ola limodzi.

Mphamvu zambiri zimatanthauza maola okwera a batri zomwe zikutanthauza kuti scooter yamagetsi imatha kutalika kwambiri, pa kukula kwa injini inayake. Scooter yapakati imakhala ndi mphamvu ya pafupifupi 250 Wh ndipo imatha kuyenda makilomita pafupifupi 10 pa avareji ya makilomita 15 pa ola limodzi. Scooter yamphamvu kwambiri imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwana maola masauzande ambiri a watt ndi mtunda wofika makilomita 60.

Mitundu ya Mabatire
Maselo a Li-ion payokha mu paketi ya batire ya e-scooter amapangidwa ndi makampani ochepa odziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Maselo abwino kwambiri amapangidwa ndi LG, Samsung, Panasonic, ndi Sanyo. Maselo amtunduwu amapezeka m'mabatire a ma scooter apamwamba okha.

Ma scooter ambiri amagetsi otsika mtengo komanso oyenda pansi amakhala ndi mabatire opangidwa kuchokera ku maselo opangidwa ku China, omwe ali ndi ubwino wosiyanasiyana.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma scooter okhala ndi ma cell odziwika bwino ndi a ku China ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kuwongolera bwino kwa mitundu yodziwika bwino. Ngati izi sizili mkati mwa bajeti yanu, onetsetsani kuti mukugula scooter kuchokera kwa wopanga wodziwika bwino yemwe akugwiritsa ntchito zida zabwino komanso ali ndi miyeso yabwino yowongolera (QC).

Zitsanzo zina za makampani omwe angakhale ndi QC yabwino ndi Xiaomi ndi Segway.

Dongosolo Loyang'anira Mabatire
Ngakhale kuti maselo a Li-ion 18650 ali ndi ubwino wodabwitsa, salekerera kwambiri kuposa matekinoloje ena a batri ndipo amatha kuphulika ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsidwa m'mabatri omwe ali ndi njira yoyendetsera mabatire.

Dongosolo loyang'anira mabatire (BMS) ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limayang'anira batire ndikuwongolera kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa. Mabatire a Li-ion adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pakati pa 2.5 mpaka 4.0 V. Kuchaja kwambiri kapena kutulutsa kwathunthu kumatha kufupikitsa moyo wa batire kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimawononga kutentha. BMS iyenera kupewa kuyatsa kwambiri. Ma BMS ambiri amadulanso mphamvu batire lisanatulutse mphamvu kuti lipitirize kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Ngakhale zili choncho, okwera ambiri amasamalirabe mabatire awo posawatulutsa mokwanira komanso amagwiritsanso ntchito ma charger apadera kuti aziwongolera bwino liwiro la kuyatsa ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Machitidwe otsogola kwambiri oyendetsera mabatire adzayang'aniranso kutentha kwa paketi ndikuyambitsa kutsekedwa ngati kutentha kwambiri kwachitika.

C-rate
Ngati mukufufuza za kutchaja batri, mwina mungakumane ndi C-rate. C-rate imafotokoza momwe batri imachajidwira kapena kutulutsidwa mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, C-rate ya 1C imatanthauza kuti batri imachajidwa mu ola limodzi, 2C imatanthauza kutchajidwa kwathunthu mu maola 0.5, ndipo 0.5C imatanthauza kutchajidwa kwathunthu mu maola awiri. Ngati mutachajidwa mokwanira batri ya 100 A·h pogwiritsa ntchito 100 A current, zingatenge ola limodzi ndipo C-rate idzakhala 1C.

Moyo wa Batri
Batire ya Li-ion yachizolowezi imatha kugwira ntchito yodzaza ndi ma charge/discharge cycle 300 mpaka 500 isanachepe mphamvu. Pa scooter yamagetsi yapakati, iyi ndi mtunda wa makilomita 3000 mpaka 10 000! Kumbukirani kuti "kuchepa mphamvu" sikutanthauza "kutaya mphamvu zonse," koma kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa 10 mpaka 20% komwe kudzapitirira kuipa.

Machitidwe amakono oyendetsera mabatire amathandiza kuti batire likhale ndi moyo wautali ndipo simuyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kulisamalira.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna kukulitsa nthawi ya batri momwe mungathere, pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti mupitirire ma cycle 500. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

Musasunge scooter yanu ili ndi chaji yokwanira kapena chojambulira chatsekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Musasunge scooter yamagetsi yonse. Mabatire a Li-ion amawonongeka akatsika pansi pa 2.5 V. Opanga ambiri amalimbikitsa kusunga scooter yokhala ndi 50% ya chaji, ndikuwonjezera pamlingo uwu nthawi ndi nthawi kuti isungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Musagwiritse ntchito batire ya scooter pamalo otentha osakwana 32 F° kapena kupitirira 113 F°.
Limbitsani scooter yanu pa C-rate yotsika, kutanthauza kuti limbitsani batri pa liwiro lotsika poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yake yayikulu yosungira/kukweza moyo wa batri. Limbitsani scooter pa C-rate pakati pa 1 ndi yabwino kwambiri. Ma charger ena othamanga kwambiri kapena othamanga kwambiri amakulolani kuti muwongolere izi.
Dziwani zambiri za momwe mungalipiritsire scooter yamagetsi.

Chidule

Mfundo yaikulu apa ndi yakuti musagwiritse ntchito batire molakwika ndipo idzakhala nthawi yayitali ya batire ya scooter. Timamva kuchokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana za ma scooter awo amagetsi osweka ndipo nthawi zambiri si vuto la batire!