Mtundu watsopano wabatire yamagalimoto amagetsiMalinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa, zimatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri komanso kuzizira kwambiri.

Asayansi amati mabatirewa amalola magalimoto amagetsi kuyenda mtunda wautali ndi mphamvu imodzi yokha kutentha kozizira - ndipo sangakhale otenthedwa kwambiri m'malo otentha.

Izi zingapangitse kuti madalaivala a magalimoto a EV azilipiritsa ndalama zochepa komanso kutimabatiremoyo wautali.

Gulu lofufuza la ku America linapanga chinthu chatsopano chomwe chimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso chimawonjezeredwa ku mabatire amphamvu kwambiri a lithiamu.

"Mukufunika kugwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri m'malo omwe kutentha kwa mlengalenga kungafike pa manambala atatu ndipo misewu ikutentha kwambiri," anatero wolemba mabuku wamkulu Zheng Chen wa ku University of California-San Diego.

"Mu magalimoto amagetsi, mabatire nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa nthaka, pafupi ndi misewu yotentha iyi. Komanso, mabatire amatenthedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito."

"Ngati mabatire sangathe kupirira kutentha kumeneku pa kutentha kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito awo adzachepa msanga."

Mu pepala lomwe linafalitsidwa Lolemba mu magazini ya Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ofufuzawo akufotokoza momwe m'mayesero, mabatirewo adasunga 87.5 peresenti ndi 115.9 peresenti ya mphamvu zawo pa -40 Celsius (–104 Fahrenheit) ndi 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) motsatana.

Analinso ndi mphamvu ya Coulombic ya 98.2 peresenti ndi 98.7 peresenti motsatana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mabatire amatha kupitirira nthawi zambiri zochaja asanasiye kugwira ntchito.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha electrolyte yomwe imapangidwa ndi mchere wa lithiamu ndi dibutyl ether, madzi opanda mtundu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zina monga mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Dibutyl ether imathandiza chifukwa mamolekyu ake sasewera mpira ndi ma lithiamu ion mosavuta pamene batire ikuyenda ndipo imawongolera magwiridwe ake mu kutentha kwapansi pa zero.

Kuphatikiza apo, dibutyl ether imatha kupirira kutentha kwake pa kutentha kwa madigiri 141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imakhalabe madzi kutentha kwambiri.

Chomwe chimapangitsa electrolyte iyi kukhala yapadera kwambiri ndichakuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi batire ya lithiamu-sulfure, yomwe imatha kuchajidwanso ndipo ili ndi anode yopangidwa ndi lithiamu ndi cathode yopangidwa ndi sulfure.

Ma anode ndi ma cathode ndi ziwalo za batri zomwe magetsi amadutsamo.

Mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure ndi gawo lotsatira lofunika kwambiri pamabatire a EV chifukwa amatha kusunga mphamvu yochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri pa kilogalamu kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe alipo pano.

Izi zitha kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi popanda kuwonjezera kulemera kwabatirenyamulani katunduyo pamene mukuchepetsa ndalama.

Sulfure ndi yochuluka kwambiri ndipo imayambitsa mavuto ochepa kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu kuposa cobalt, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma cathode achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion batri.

Kawirikawiri, pamakhala vuto ndi mabatire a lithiamu-sulfur - ma cathode a sulfure amasinthasintha kwambiri kotero kuti amasungunuka batire ikagwira ntchito ndipo izi zimaipiraipira kutentha kwambiri.

Ndipo ma anode a lithiamu metal amatha kupanga zinthu zofanana ndi singano zotchedwa dendrites zomwe zimatha kuboola mbali zina za batri chifukwa zimalephera kuyendetsa bwino magetsi.

Zotsatira zake, mabatire awa amakhala ndi mphamvu zokwana ma cycles makumi angapo okha.

Dibutyl ether electrolyte yopangidwa ndi gulu la UC-San Diego imathetsa mavutowa, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.

Mabatire omwe adawayesa anali ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito kuposa batire wamba wa lithiamu-sulfur.

"Ngati mukufuna batire yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zambiri muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovuta komanso ovuta," adatero Chen.

"Mphamvu zambiri zimatanthauza kuti zinthu zambiri zikuchitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe bata, komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu."

"Kupanga batire yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imakhala yokhazikika ndi ntchito yovuta yokha - kuyesa kuchita izi kudzera mu kutentha kwakukulu ndizovuta kwambiri."

"Electrolyte yathu imathandiza kukonza mbali ya cathode ndi mbali ya anode pomwe imapereka mphamvu yoyendetsa bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa interfacial."

Gululi linapanganso cathode ya sulfure kuti ikhale yokhazikika mwa kuilumikiza ku polima. Izi zimaletsa sulfure yambiri kuti isasungunuke mu electrolyte.

Njira zotsatirazi zikuphatikizapo kukulitsa mphamvu ya batri kuti igwire ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso kukulitsa moyo wa batri.