Mtundu watsopano wabatire yamagalimoto amagetsiakhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali m’malo otentha kwambiri ndi ozizira kwambiri, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa.

Asayansi amati mabatire angalole kuti ma EV azitha kuyenda patali pamtengo umodzi wozizira - ndipo sangakhale wokonda kutentha kwambiri m'malo otentha.

Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti madalaivala a EV azikhala ocheperako komanso kuperekamabatiremoyo wautali.

Gulu lofufuza la ku America linapanga chinthu chatsopano chomwe chimakhala chosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndikuwonjezeredwa ku mabatire a lithiamu amphamvu kwambiri.

"Mumafunika opareshoni yotentha kwambiri m'malo omwe kutentha kozungulira kumatha kufika katatu ndipo misewu imakhala yotentha kwambiri," adatero wolemba wamkulu Pulofesa Zheng Chen wa payunivesite ya California-San Diego.

"M'magalimoto amagetsi, mapaketi a batri amakhala pansi, pafupi ndi misewu yotentha iyi.Komanso, mabatire amatenthedwa chifukwa chokhala ndi mphamvu panthawi yogwira ntchito.

"Ngati mabatire sangathe kupirira kutentha kumeneku pa kutentha kwakukulu, ntchito yawo idzawonongeka mwamsanga."

Mu pepala lofalitsidwa Lolemba mu nyuzipepala ya Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ofufuzawo akufotokoza momwe mu mayesero, mabatire amasunga 87.5 peresenti ndi 115.9 peresenti ya mphamvu zawo pa -40 Celsius (-104 Fahrenheit) ndi 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit ) motsatana.

Adalinso ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya Coulombic ya 98.2 peresenti ndi 98.7 peresenti motsatana, kutanthauza kuti mabatire amatha kudutsa mowonjezereka asanayambe kugwira ntchito.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha electrolyte yomwe imapangidwa ndi mchere wa lithiamu ndi dibutyl ether, madzi opanda mtundu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zina monga mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Dibutyl ether imathandiza chifukwa mamolekyu ake samasewera mpira ndi lithiamu ions mosavuta pamene batire imathamanga ndikuwongolera ntchito yake mu kutentha kwapansi pa zero.

Kuphatikiza apo, dibutyl ether imatha kupirira kutentha pakatentha kwambiri pa 141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) kutanthauza kuti imakhala yamadzimadzi pakatentha kwambiri.

Chomwe chimapangitsa electrolyte iyi kukhala yapadera kwambiri ndi yakuti ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi batri ya lithiamu-sulfure, yomwe imatha kubwerezedwanso ndipo imakhala ndi anode yopangidwa ndi lithiamu ndi cathode yopangidwa ndi sulfure.

Anodes ndi cathodes ndi zigawo za batri zomwe magetsi amadutsa.

Mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure ndi gawo lotsatira lofunika kwambiri mu mabatire a EV chifukwa amatha kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri pa kilogalamu kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion apano.

Izi zitha kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa ma EV popanda kuwonjezera kulemera kwakebatirepangani pamene mukusunga ndalama.

Sulfure imakhalanso yochuluka ndipo imayambitsa kuvutika kochepa kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu ku gwero kusiyana ndi cobalt, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chikhalidwe cha lithiamu-ion batri cathodes.

Kawirikawiri, pali vuto ndi mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure - ma cathodes a sulfure amatha kusungunuka pamene batri ikugwira ntchito ndipo izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu.

Ndipo lithiamu zitsulo anode amatha kupanga masingano ngati singano otchedwa dendrites kuti akhoza kuboola mbali batire kukhala chifukwa ndi yochepa dera.

Chotsatira chake, mabatirewa amatha mpaka khumi azungulira.

Dibutyl ether electrolyte yopangidwa ndi gulu la UC-San Diego imakonza mavutowa, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.

Mabatire omwe adawayesa anali ndi nthawi yayitali yoyendetsa njinga kuposa batire ya lithiamu-sulfure.

"Ngati mukufuna batri yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chemistry yovuta kwambiri," adatero Chen.

"Mphamvu yayikulu imatanthauza kuti zochita zambiri zikuchitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kukhazikika pang'ono, kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

"Kupanga batire lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe limakhala lokhazikika ndi ntchito yovuta palokha - kuyesa kuchita izi kudzera pakutentha kwakukulu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

"Electrolyte yathu imathandizira kuwongolera mbali zonse za cathode ndi anode pomwe ikupereka mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwapakati."

Gululi linapanganso chitsulo cha sulfure kuti chikhale chokhazikika pochilumikiza ku polima.Izi zimalepheretsa sulfure yambiri kusungunuka mu electrolyte.

Njira zotsatirazi zikuphatikiza kukulitsa chemistry ya batri kuti igwire ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndikuwonjezera moyo wozungulira.