Mabatire a lithiamu ion omwe amachajidwanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu zamagetsi ambiri m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira ma laputopu ndi mafoni am'manja mpaka magalimoto amagetsi. Mabatire a lithiamu ion omwe ali pamsika masiku ano nthawi zambiri amadalira yankho lamadzimadzi, lotchedwa electrolyte, pakati pa selo.

Batire ikayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa chipangizo, ma lithiamu ion amasuntha kuchokera kumapeto kwa negative charge, kapena anode, kudzera mu liquid electrolyte, kupita kumapeto kwa positive charge, kapena cathode. Batire ikayamba kudzazidwanso mphamvu, ma ion amasuntha mbali ina kuchokera ku cathode, kudzera mu electrolyte, kupita ku anode.

Mabatire a lithiamu ion omwe amadalira ma electrolyte amadzimadzi ali ndi vuto lalikulu la chitetezo: amatha kuyaka moto akamayikidwa pamoto wochuluka kapena akamayikidwa pafupi ndi magetsi. Njira ina yotetezeka m'malo mwa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi ndikupanga batire yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte yolimba kunyamula ma lithiamu ion pakati pa anode ndi cathode.

Komabe, kafukufuku wakale adapeza kuti electrolyte yolimba inachititsa kuti zitsulo zing'onozing'ono zotchedwa dendrites, zomwe zimasonkhana pa anode pamene batire ikuchaja. Ma dendrites amenewa amafupikitsa mabatire pamagetsi otsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kukula kwa dendrite kumayamba ndi zolakwika zazing'ono mu electrolyte yomwe ili pakati pa electrolyte ndi anode. Asayansi ku India posachedwapa apeza njira yochepetsera kukula kwa dendrite. Mwa kuwonjezera gawo laling'ono lachitsulo pakati pa electrolyte ndi anode, amatha kuletsa ma dendrite kukula kukhala anode.

Asayansiwa adasankha kuphunzira aluminiyamu ndi tungsten ngati zitsulo zomwe zingatheke kuti apange wosanjikiza woonda wachitsulowu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa aluminiyamu kapena tungsten mix, kapena alloy, ndi lithiamu. Asayansiwa ankakhulupirira kuti izi zingachepetse mwayi woti zolakwika zipangidwe mu lithiamu. Ngati chitsulo chosankhidwacho chikaphatikiza ndi lithiamu, lithiamu yaying'ono ingasunthire mu wosanjikiza wachitsulo pakapita nthawi. Izi zikanasiya mtundu wa cholakwika chotchedwa void mu lithiamu komwe dendrite ingapangike.

Pofuna kuyesa momwe gawo lachitsulo limagwirira ntchito, mitundu itatu ya mabatire idasonkhanitsidwa: imodzi yokhala ndi gawo lochepa la aluminiyamu pakati pa lithiamu anode ndi electrolyte yolimba, imodzi yokhala ndi gawo lochepa la tungsten, ndi ina yopanda gawo lachitsulo.

Asanayese mabatire, asayansiwa adagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu yamphamvu kwambiri, yotchedwa scanning electron microscope, kuti ayang'ane bwino malire pakati pa anode ndi electrolyte. Adawona mipata yaying'ono ndi mabowo mu chitsanzocho popanda wosanjikiza wachitsulo, ponena kuti zolakwika izi ndi malo omwe ma dendrites angakulire. Mabatire onse okhala ndi zigawo za aluminiyamu ndi tungsten amawoneka osalala komanso opitilira.

Mu kuyesa koyamba, mphamvu yamagetsi yosasintha idayendetsedwa kudzera mu batire iliyonse kwa maola 24. Batire lopanda waya wachitsulo linalephera kugwira ntchito mkati mwa maola 9 oyambirira, mwina chifukwa cha kukula kwa dendrite. Palibe batire yokhala ndi aluminiyamu kapena tungsten yomwe inalephera mu kuyesa koyamba kumeneku.

Pofuna kudziwa kuti ndi gawo liti lachitsulo lomwe linali labwino kwambiri poletsa kukula kwa dendrite, kuyesera kwina kunachitika pa zitsanzo za aluminiyamu ndi tungsten zokha. Mu kuyesera kumeneku, mabatire adayendetsedwa kudzera mu kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, kuyambira pa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuyesera kwapitako ndikuwonjezeka pang'ono pa sitepe iliyonse.

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi komwe batire imayendera nthawi yochepa kunkaonedwa kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa dendrite. Batire yokhala ndi aluminiyamu yocheperako idalephera katatu kuposa mphamvu yoyambira, ndipo batire yokhala ndi tungsten yocheperako idalephera kupitirira kasanu kuposa mphamvu yoyambira. Kuyesera kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuti tungsten idachita bwino kuposa aluminiyamu.

Apanso, asayansiwa adagwiritsa ntchito microscope ya electron scanning kuti ayang'ane malire pakati pa anode ndi electrolyte. Adawona kuti mabowo anayamba kupangidwa mu chitsulo pa magawo awiri mwa atatu a kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yofunikira yomwe idayesedwa mu kuyesa kwapitako. Komabe, mabowo sanalipo pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yofunikira. Izi zidatsimikizira kuti kupangika kwa mabowo kumatsogolera kukula kwa dendrite.

Kenako asayansiwo adayesa kuwerengera makompyuta kuti amvetse momwe lithiamu imagwirira ntchito ndi zitsulozi, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikudziwa za momwe tungsten ndi aluminiyamu zimayankhira kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi kutentha. Adawonetsa kuti zigawo za aluminiyamu zilidi ndi mwayi waukulu wopanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono akamalumikizana ndi lithiamu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kumeneku kungapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kusankha mtundu wina wachitsulo kuti muyese mtsogolo.

Kafukufukuyu wasonyeza kuti mabatire olimba a electrolyte ndi odalirika kwambiri akawonjezeredwa pakati pa electrolyte ndi anode. Asayansiwa adawonetsanso kuti kusankha chitsulo chimodzi kuposa china, pankhaniyi tungsten m'malo mwa aluminiyamu, kungapangitse mabatire kukhala nthawi yayitali. Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mabatire amtunduwu kudzawabweretsa pafupi kwambiri ndi kusintha mabatire amadzimadzi a electrolyte omwe amatha kuyaka kwambiri pamsika masiku ano.