Kukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo yamafuta a batri kuyambira chiyambi cha 2021 kukupangitsa kuti anthu aziganiza zowononga kapena kuchedwa, ndipo zadzetsa kukhulupirira kuti makampani amagalimoto atha kusintha zomwe amakonda pamagalimoto awo amagetsi.

Paketi yotsika mtengo kwambiri idakhala lithiamu-iron-phosphate, kapenaLFP.Tesla wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito LFP pazitsanzo zake zolowera ku China kuyambira 2021. Opanga magalimoto ena monga Volkswagen ndi Rivian adalengezanso kuti adzagwiritsa ntchito LFP mumitundu yotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Nickel-cobalt-manganese, kapena NCM, mabatire ndi njira ina.Amafunikira kuchuluka kofanana kwa lithiamuLFP, koma imaphatikizapo cobalt, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo ndipo njira yake yopangira zinthu imakhala yotsutsana.

Mtengo wachitsulo wa Cobalt wakwera 70% mchaka.Nickel yawona chipwirikiti chaposachedwa pambuyo pa kufinya kwakanthawi pa LME.Mtengo wa nickel wa miyezi itatu ukugulitsidwa pamtundu wa $27,920-$28,580/mt pa May 10.

Pakadali pano, mitengo ya lithiamu yakwera kupitilira 700% kuyambira chiyambi cha 2021, zomwe zadzetsa kudumpha kwakukulu kwamitengo ya batire.
Malinga ndi S&P Global Market Intelligence, mitengo ya batri yaku China mu Marichi idakwera 580.7% pachaka pamabatire a LFP pa dola pa kilogalamu, kukwera pafupifupi $36/kwh.Mabatire a NCM anali atakwera 152.6% panthawi yomweyi mpaka $73-78/kwh mu February.

"Njirayolithiamuyakwera mtengo m'miyezi 12 yapitayi.Ndi kuchotserako pang'ono kuposa momwe mungayembekezere [motsutsana ndi NCM] ndipo mukangoponya zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zikadakhala.Mungafune kupereka zina mwamtengo wapatali, koma sizotsika mtengo masiku ano.” wogulitsa cobalt hydroxide adatero.

"Panali zodetsa nkhawa, chifukwa mtengo wa LFP udali pachiwopsezo chokwera kwambiri pagawo lomwe likufuna, lomwe ndi mabatire otsika mtengo," adagwirizana ndi gwero lopanga lithiamu.

"Palibe njira zina zodziwikiratu zogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a nickel (omwe ali ndi magawo 8 a nickel kapena kuposerapo) pakanthawi kochepa mpaka pakati.Kubwerera ku mabatire a nickel a NMC otsika kumadzetsa nkhawa za kugwiritsa ntchito cobalt, pomwe mabatire a LFP sangafanane ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika otsika poyerekeza ndi mabatire a nickel, "Alice Yu, katswiri wamkulu wa S&P Global Market Intelligence. .

Ngakhale kuti chemistry yomwe imakonda ku China ndi batri ya LFP, nthawi zambiri imaganiziridwa kuti NCM idzatenga gawo lalikulu m'misika ya EU - kumene ogula amakonda magalimoto omwe amawatengera kudutsa dziko lonse kapena kudutsa pazifukwa zochepa kwambiri.

"Tikayang'ana pakupanga mbewu za batri, tiyenera kuyang'ana kusinthasintha.Pakali pano pali kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa LFP ndi NCM.Ngati LFP ikhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri titha kuika patsogolo kupanga, koma pakali pano tiyenera kupanga NCM chifukwa ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri.” inatero OEM yamagalimoto.

OEM yachiwiri yamagalimoto idanenanso kuti, "Mabatire a LFP adzakhala pomwe pano pamagalimoto olowera, koma osatengera magalimoto apamwamba".

Cholepheretsa

Kupezeka kwa Lithium kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu pamsika wa EV komanso china chake chomwe chingalepheretse kampani iliyonse kusinthira ku LFP.

Kafukufuku wochokera ku S&P Global Commodity Insights akuwonetsa kuti ngati migodi yonse ya lifiyamu yomwe ili m'mipope ibwera pa intaneti munthawi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa, ndi mfundo zolondola zamtundu wa batri, padzakhalabe kuperewera kwa 220,000 mt pofika 2030, poganiza kuti kufunikira kudzafika pa 2 miliyoni mt. kumapeto kwa zaka khumi.

Ambiri a Western lifiyamu opanga ndi gawo lalikulu la linanena bungwe awo osungitsidwa pansi mapangano yaitali, ndi converters Chinese akhala otanganidwa ndi onse malo ndi nthawi yaitali amafuna mgwirizano.

"Pali zopempha zingapo [malo], koma tilibe zinthu zomwe zilipo pakadali pano," adatero gwero la lifiyamu."Timangokhala ndi ma voliyumu omwe amapezeka ngati kasitomala ali ndi vuto, kapena aletsa kutumiza pazifukwa zina, apo ayi zonse zasungidwa," anawonjezera.

Kudetsa nkhawa kwakukulu kwa lithiamu, ndi zitsulo zina za batri, kukhala zomwe zimalepheretsa kutengera kutengera kwa EV kwapangitsa kuti opanga ma automaker atenge nawo gawo kumtunda kwamakampani.

General Motors adzaika ndalama pa chitukuko cha Controlled Thermal Resources 'Hell Kitchen lifiyamu polojekiti ku California.Stellantis, Volkswagen ndi Renault adagwirizana ndi Vulcan Resources kuti ateteze zinthu kuchokera ku polojekiti ya Zero Carbon ku Germany.

Njira ina ya sodium-ion

Poganizira za kuchepa kwa lithiamu, cobalt ndi faifi tambala, makampani opanga mabatire akhala akufufuza njira zina.Mabatire a sodium-ion amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazosankha zabwino kwambiri.

Sodium-ion imagwiritsa ntchito kaboni mu anode ndi zida zochokera m'gulu lotchedwa Prussian Blue mu cathode.Pali "zitsulo zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Prussian Blue, ndipo zidzasiyana malinga ndi kampani," malinga ndi Venkat Srinivasan, mkulu wa US-based Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS).

Ubwino waukulu wa sodium-ion ndi mtengo wake wotsika wopanga, magwero adati.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sodium padziko lapansi, mapaketi a batirewa amatha kutsika mtengo pafupifupi 3% -50% kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion.Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumafanana ndi LFP.

Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), m'modzi mwa opanga mabatire akulu kwambiri ku China, adavumbulutsa m'badwo wake woyamba wa batri ya sodium-ion chaka chatha, pamodzi ndi yankho la batire la AB, lomwe likuwonetsa kuti limatha kuphatikiza ma cell a sodium-ion ndi lithiamu-ion. maselo mu paketi imodzi.Njira yopangira ndi zida za batri ya sodium-ion imagwirizana ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion yomwe ilipo, CATL idatero.

Koma sodium-ion isanafike pamlingo wokulirapo wamalonda, zovuta zina ziyenera kuthetsedwa.

Palinso zosintha zina zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa pa electrolyte ndi mbali za anode.

Poyerekeza ndi batri yochokera ku LFP, sodium-ion imakhala yamphamvu pakutulutsa, koma yofooka pakulipiritsa.

Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndikuti iyi ikadali nthawi yayitali kuti isapezeke pazamalonda.

Mofananamo, mabiliyoni a madola a ndalama apangidwa muzitsulo za lithiamu-ion potengera ma chemistries olemera a lithiamu ndi nickel.

"Titha kuyang'ana pa sodium-ion koma tikuyenera kuyang'ana kaye paukadaulo womwe udalipo kale ndikubweretsa mbewuyo pa intaneti," wopanga mabatire wina adati.