Mukufuna kuti galimoto yanu yamagetsi igwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali? Nazi zomwe muyenera kuchita

Ngati munagula imodzi mwa magalimoto abwino kwambiri amagetsi, mukudziwa kuti kusunga batire yake kukhala yathanzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukhala ndi batire. Kusunga batire kukhala yathanzi kumatanthauza kuti imatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imayendetsa bwino. Batire yomwe ili bwino idzakhala ndi moyo wautali, ndi yamtengo wapatali ngati mutasankha kugulitsa, ndipo sidzafunika kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zambiri. Mwanjira ina, ndibwino kwa eni magalimoto onse amagetsi kudziwa momwe mabatire awo amagwirira ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchitika kuti batire yawo yamagetsi ikhale yathanzi.

Kodi batire ya galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Thebatire ya lithiamu-ionMgalimoto yanu siili yosiyana ndi batire m'zida zilizonse zomwe muli nazo panopa — kaya ndi laputopu, foni yam'manja kapena mabatire a AA omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Ngakhale kuti ndi akuluakulu kwambiri, ndipo amabwera ndi zinthu zatsopano zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri kapena zodula kwambiri pazida zazing'ono za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Selo iliyonse ya batire ya lithiamu-ion imapangidwa mofanana, ndi magawo awiri osiyana omwe ma lithiamu ions amatha kuyenda pakati pawo. Anode ya batire ili mu gawo limodzi, pomwe cathode ili mu linalo. Mphamvu yeniyeni imasonkhanitsidwa ndi ma lithiamu ions, omwe amadutsa pa separator kutengera momwe batire ilili.

Potulutsa mphamvu, ma ayoni amenewo amasuntha kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode, ndipo mosiyana pamene batire ikuchajanso. Kugawa kwa ma ayoni kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mulingo wa chaji. Batire yodzaza ndi mphamvu zonse idzakhala ndi ma ayoni onse mbali imodzi ya selo, pomwe batire yotha mphamvu idzakhala nawo mbali inayo. Chaji ya 50% imatanthauza kuti imagawidwa mofanana pakati pa ziwirizi, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuyenda kwa ma ayoni a lithiamu mkati mwa batire kumayambitsa kupsinjika pang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi mabatire a lithiamu-ion amatha kuchepa pakapita zaka zingapo, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe mungachite. Ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe ukadaulo wa batire yolimba umafunidwa kwambiri.

Batire yachiwiri yamagalimoto amagetsi ndi yofunikanso

Magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi mabatire awiri. Batire yayikulu ndi batire yayikulu ya lithiamu-ion yomwe imapangitsa galimotoyo kuyenda, pomwe batire yachiwiri imayang'anira makina amagetsi otsika mphamvu. Batire iyi imagwira ntchito pazinthu monga maloko a zitseko, kuwongolera nyengo, kompyuta ya galimoto ndi zina zotero. Mwanjira ina, makina onse omwe angakake ngati atayesa kutenga mphamvu kuchokera ku magetsi atatu opangidwa ndi batire yayikulu.

Mu magalimoto ambiri amagetsi, batire iyi ndi batire ya 12V lead-acid yomwe mungapeze m'galimoto ina iliyonse. Opanga magalimoto ena, kuphatikizapo Tesla, akhala akusintha kupita ku njira zina za lithiamu-ion, ngakhale cholinga chake ndi chomwecho.

Nthawi zambiri simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi batire iyi. Ngati zinthu sizikuyenda bwino, monga momwe zingachitikire m'galimoto iliyonse yogwiritsa ntchito petulo, nthawi zambiri mutha kuthetsa vutoli nokha. Yang'anani ngati batire yatha, ndipo ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndi chochapira cha trickle kapena ndi jump start, kapena ngati zinthu sizili bwino kwambiri, sinthani ndi yatsopano. Nthawi zambiri zimadula pakati pa $45 ndi $250, ndipo zimapezeka ku sitolo iliyonse yabwino ya zida zamagalimoto. (dziwani kuti simungathe kuyambitsa galimoto yamagetsi mwachangu.

Ndiye kodi mumasunga bwanji batire ya galimoto yamagetsi kukhala yathanzi?
Kwa eni magalimoto amagetsi oyamba, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi magetsibatire yagalimotoNgati batire ili bwino kwambiri ingaoneke yovuta. Kupatula apo, ngati batire yawonongeka kwambiri moti galimotoyo singathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndikugula galimoto yatsopano - kapena kuwononga ndalama zambiri pa batire ina. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chosangalatsa.

Mwamwayi kusunga batire yanu kukhala yathanzi n'kosavuta, kumafuna kusamala pang'ono komanso khama lochepa. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita:

★Sungani mphamvu yanu pakati pa 20% ndi 80% nthawi iliyonse ikatheka

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe mwiniwake wa EV ayenera kukumbukira ndi kusunga mulingo wa batri pakati pa 20% ndi 80%. Kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake kumabweranso ku momwe mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chakuti ma lithiamu ions amasuntha nthawi zonse akagwiritsidwa ntchito, batriyo imakhala ndi nkhawa - zomwe sizingatheke.

Koma kupsinjika komwe kumakumana nako ndi batire nthawi zambiri kumakhala koipa kwambiri pamene ma ayoni ambiri ali mbali imodzi ya selo kapena inayo. Palibe vuto ngati mukusiya galimoto yanu kwa maola angapo, kapena kugona usiku wonse nthawi zina, koma zimayamba kukhala vuto ngati mukusiya batire nthawi zonse mwanjira imeneyo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Malo abwino kwambiri owerengera ndi pafupifupi 50%, popeza ma ayoni amagawika mofanana mbali zonse ziwiri za batri. Koma popeza sizili bwino, ndi pomwe timapeza malire a 20-80%. Chilichonse choposa mfundo zimenezo ndipo muli pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha kupsinjika pa batri.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kudzaza batire yanu mokwanira, kapena kuti nthawi zina simuyenera kuilola kuti itsike pansi pa 20%. Ngati mukufuna kuthamanga kwambiri momwe mungathere, kapena mukukankhira galimoto yanu kuti mupewe kuyimitsanso, ndiye kuti sikudzakhala mapeto a dziko. Ingoyesani kuchepetsa zochitika izi momwe mungathere, ndipo musasiye galimoto yanu ili momwemo kwa masiku angapo nthawi imodzi.

★ Sungani batire yanu ili bwino

Ngati mwagula EV posachedwapa, pali mwayi waukulu kuti pali njira zosungira batri pamalo abwino. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion sakonda kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kumadziwika makamaka chifukwa chowonjezera liwiro la kuwonongeka kwa batri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Nthawi zambiri, izi sizinthu zomwe muyenera kuda nkhawa nazo. Magalimoto amagetsi amakono nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi makina apamwamba owongolera kutentha omwe amatha kutentha kapena kuziziritsa batri ngati pakufunika kutero. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zikuchitika, chifukwa makina amenewo amafunikira mphamvu. Kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri zimafunika kuti batri likhale lomasuka - zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.

Komabe, magalimoto ena akale alibe mphamvu yowongolera kutentha. Nissan Leaf ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha galimoto yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira batire yosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe limatentha kwambiri, kapena mumadalira DC rapid charging nthawi zonse, batire yanu ingavutike kuti izizire.

Palibe zambiri zomwe mungachite pa izi mukamayendetsa galimoto, koma zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusamala komwe mungayimitse galimoto. Yesani kuyimitsa galimoto m'nyumba ngati n'kotheka, kapena yesani kupeza malo amthunzi. Sizofanana ndi chivundikiro chokhazikika, koma zimathandiza. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwa eni magalimoto onse a EV, chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti kuyang'anira kutentha sikudzawononga mphamvu zambiri mukakhala kutali. Ndipo mukabwerera galimoto yanu idzakhala yozizira pang'ono kuposa momwe ikanakhalira.

★Yang'anirani liwiro lanu lochaja

Eni magalimoto amagetsi sayenera kuopa kugwiritsa ntchito chochaja cha DC chofulumira mwachangu. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, chomwe chimapereka liwiro lofulumira lochaja magalimoto paulendo wautali komanso pazochitika zadzidzidzi. Mwatsoka ali ndi mbiri yabwino, komanso momwe liwiro lochaja magalimoto mwachangu lingakhudzire thanzi la batri nthawi yayitali.

Ngakhale opanga magalimoto monga Kia (opens in new tab) akupitirizabe kukulangizani kuti musamagwiritse ntchito ma rapid charger pafupipafupi, chifukwa chodera nkhawa ndi kupsinjika kwa batri yanu.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri kuyatsa mofulumira sikuli bwino - bola ngati galimoto yanu ili ndi njira yoyenera yoyendetsera kutentha. Kaya yazizira madzi kapena yazizira, galimotoyo imatha kuwerengera kutentha kochulukirapo komwe kumachitika ikadzadzanso. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti palibe zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Musamayike chojambulira chilichonse mgalimoto mukangoyima, ngati n'kotheka. Kupatsa batire nthawi yoti izizire kumathandiza kuti zinthu ziyambe kuyenda bwino. Kuyikira batire mkati, kapena pamalo amthunzi, ngati n'kotheka, ndipo dikirani mpaka nthawi yozizira kwambiri tsiku lonse kuti muchepetse kutentha kwambiri kuzungulira batire.

Kuchita zinthu zimenezi kudzakuthandizani kuti muyambe kuyika mphamvu mwachangu, chifukwa galimotoyo siifunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti iziziritse batire.

Ngati galimoto yanu ili ndi batire yoziziritsa yokha, mwachitsanzo, imadalira mpweya wozungulira kuti ichotse kutentha, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa. Popeza mabatire amenewo ndi ovuta kuziziritsa mwachangu, kutentha kumatha kusonkhana ndipo izi zitha kuwononga mabatire nthawi yonse ya moyo wa galimoto. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana buku lathu lothandizira ngati muyenera kuyitanitsa galimoto yanu yamagetsi mwachangu ngati simukudziwa za momwe ingakhudzire.

★ Pezani batire yanu yonse momwe mungathere

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amangoyesedwa pa kuchuluka kwa ma charger cycle — chaji yonse ndi kutulutsa kwa batri. Batire ikadzaza ma charger ambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kuti iwonongeke pamene lithiamu ions ikuyenda mozungulira selo.

Njira yokhayo yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa ma chaji oyendera ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito batire, zomwe ndi upangiri woipa kwambiri. Komabe zikutanthauza kuti pali ubwino woyendetsa galimoto mosamala ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukupeza mphamvu zambiri momwe mungathere kuchokera ku batire yanu. Sikuti izi ndizosavuta kokha, chifukwa simudzafunika kulumikiza pafupifupi nthawi yokwanira, komanso zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma chaji oyendera batire yanu, zomwe zingathandize kuti ikhale bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.

Malangizo oyambira omwe mungayesere ndi monga kuyendetsa galimoto mutatsegula njira yoyendetsera galimoto, kuchepetsa kulemera kwambiri m'galimoto, kupewa kuyendetsa galimoto pa liwiro lalikulu (kupitirira makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi) komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobwezeretsa mabuleki. Zimathandizanso kuthamangitsa mabuleki pang'onopang'ono komanso bwino, m'malo mogunda ma pedal pansi nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingapezeke.

Kodi muyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuwonongeka kwa batri m'galimoto yanu yamagetsi?

Kawirikawiri, ayi. Mabatire amagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 8-10, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa nthawi imeneyo - kaya ndi kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kusangalala ndi moyo watsopano monga malo osungira mphamvu.

Koma kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe ndi njira yayitali, yosonkhanitsira yomwe imatenga zaka zingapo kuti ikhudze magwiridwe antchito a batri. Momwemonso, opanga magalimoto akhala akupanga mabatire mwanjira yoti kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kusakhale ndi vuto lalikulu pamagetsi anu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mwachitsanzo, Tesla ikunena (kutsegula mu tabu yatsopano) kuti mabatire ake akadali ndi 90% ya mphamvu yawo yoyamba akayendetsa makilomita 200,000. Ngati mutayendetsa mosalekeza pa makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi, zingakutengereni masiku pafupifupi 139 kuti muyende mtunda umenewo. Dalaivala wanu wamba sadzayendetsa mtunda wautali choncho posachedwa.

Mabatire nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitsimikizo chawochawo. Ziwerengero zenizeni zimasiyana, koma chitsimikizo chofala chimaphimba batri kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zoyambirira kapena makilomita 100,000. Ngati mphamvu yomwe ilipo imatsika pansi pa 70% panthawiyo, mumapeza batri yatsopano yonse kwaulere.

Kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino batire yanu, komanso kuchita zonse zomwe simukuyenera kuchita nthawi zonse, kudzapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ichitike mwachangu — ngakhale kuti zimadalira momwe mumasamalirira. Mungakhale ndi chitsimikizo, koma sichidzakhalapo kwamuyaya.

Palibe njira yopewera vutoli, koma kusamalira batri yanu moyenera kumachepetsa kuwonongeka — kuonetsetsa kuti batri yanu ikukhalabe bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Choncho gwiritsani ntchito malangizo awa osungira batri nthawi zonse komanso nthawi zonse momwe mungathere.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kudzivutitsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimenezo sizingathandize. Musaope kutchaja mokwanira pamene pakufunika kutero, kapena kutchaja mwachangu kuti mubwerere pamsewu mwachangu momwe mungathere. Muli ndi galimoto ndipo simuyenera kuopa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake mukamazifuna.