1. Makampani akuluakulu osungira mphamvu amalimbikitsidwa

Malinga ndi makhalidwe a chitukuko cha makampani osungira mphamvu, njira yopangira yapangidwa, ndi mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate ngati njira yayikulu, mabatire a sodium-ion amakonzedwa mwachangu ngati cholowa m'malo pang'ono, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana za mabatire zomwe zimathandizirana. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa malo osungiramo zinthu m'nyumba ndi m'malo akuluakulu, kukhwima kwabatire yosungira mphamvu ukadaulo udzakhala wokwera kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa mabatire ukuyembekezeka kuchepa. Makampani onse osungira mabatire amagetsi ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika, ndipo mabizinesi otsogola ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika.

2. Ma inverter osungira mphamvu akukula mofulumira

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma inverter otumizidwa kukupitilira kukula mofulumira, ndipo ma micro-inverter ndi omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu. Inverter midstream imapereka ma inverter osungira mphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, koma palibe mtsogoleri wamsika. Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa malo osungira mphamvu akuluakulu ku China komanso kutsegulidwa kwa msika waukulu wosungirako katundu kunja,kusungira mphamvu Bizinesi ya inverter ikuyembekezeka kulowa munthawi yofulumira.

3. Kuziziritsa kwa malo osungira mphamvu kumakula pang'onopang'ono

Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha msika wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi, msika wowongolera kutentha nawonso wakula kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo, ubwino wa makina oziziritsira madzi okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zotaya kutentha komanso liwiro lachangu udzaonekera kwambiri, zomwe zidzafulumizitse kulowa kwa magetsi. Poyerekeza ndi makina oziziritsira mpweya, makina oziziritsira madzi amapereka moyo wa batri wokhazikika, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso kuwongolera kutentha molondola. Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, kuchuluka kwa makina oziziritsira madzi kudzafika pa 45%.

4. Kugwirizana pakati pa malo osungiramo zinthu m'nyumba zakunja, malo osungiramo zinthu zazikulu m'nyumba.

Makina osungira mphamvu amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kutsogolo kwa mita ndi kumbuyo kwa mita. Mapulogalamu osungira mphamvu amafalikira kwambiri, ndipo China, United States, ndi Europe akuyang'ana kwambiri mabizinesi a kutsogolo kwa mita. Ku China, mapulogalamu osungira mphamvu amawerengera 76% ya chiŵerengero cha malo osungira mphamvu m'nyumba mu 2021. Mabizinesi a kumbuyo kwa mita amasiyana malinga ndi mayiko, ndi kuchuluka kwa malo osungira mphamvu akuluakulu ku China ndi 5% ku malo osungiramo zinthu. Misika yakunja imayang'ana kwambiri malo osungiramo zinthu m'nyumba. Mu 2021, mphamvu yosungira mphamvu m'nyumba ku United States inakwera ndi 67%, pomwe malo osungira mphamvu m'mabizinesi ndi m'mafakitale anatsika ndi 24%.

5. Kusanthula kwa Msika wa Kusungirako Mphamvu

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zinthu zasintha kwambiri pa ukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu monga mabatire a lithiamu-ion, mabatire oyenda, mabatire a sodium-ion, malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi opanikizika, ndi malo osungira mphamvu yokoka. Makampani osungira mphamvu m'nyumba ku China alowa mu gawo losiyanasiyana la chitukuko ndipo akuyembekezeka kutenga udindo waukulu padziko lonse lapansi mtsogolomu.

5.1 Mabatire osungira mphamvu

Ponena za mabatire osungira mphamvu, mphamvu yokhazikitsa mabatire osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukula kwa kukula kwakhala kukukwera chaka ndi chaka, ndipo kufunikira kwakukulu pamsika wa mabatire osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Mphamvu yotulutsa mabatire a lithiamu ku China yakhala ikukwera mosalekeza, ndipo mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate pa kilowatt-ola ukuyembekezeka kuchepa. Chifukwa cha malangizo a mfundo ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wamakampani, msika wotsikira wa mabatire osungira mphamvu uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokukula komanso kufunikira kwakukulu, zomwe zikuyendetsa kufalikira kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa mabatire osungira mphamvu.

5.2 Machitidwe Osinthira Mphamvu

Ponena za PCS (Power Conversion Systems), njira yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi yogwirizanitsa ma inverter a photovoltaic ndi magetsi osungira magetsi, omwe amalumikizana kwambiri ndi ma inverter okhala ndi gridi. Ma inverter osungira magetsi ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma microinverter omwe amalowa pamsika wogawidwa kukuyembekezeka kupitilizabe kukula. M'tsogolomu, pamene kuchuluka kwa makina osungira magetsi kukukwera, makampani a PCS adzalowa mu gawo lokulirakulira mwachangu.

5.3 Kulamulira kutentha kwa mphamvu yosungira mphamvu

Ponena za kuwongolera kutentha kosungira mphamvu, kukula kwakukulu kwa makina osungira mphamvu zamagetsi kukutsogolera kukula mwachangu kwa kuwongolera kutentha kosungira mphamvu. Pofika chaka cha 2025, kukula kwa msika wowongolera kutentha kosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ku China kukuyembekezeka kufika pa 2.28-4.08 biliyoni ya yuan, ndi kuchuluka kwapakati pachaka kwa kukula kwa compound kwa 77% ndi 91% kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2025. Mtsogolomu, pamene ntchito zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zikuwonjezeka, zofunikira zapamwamba zidzayikidwa pa kuwongolera kutentha. Kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi, monga njira yaukadaulo yapakatikati mpaka yayitali, ikuyembekezeka kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa msika, ndi gawo la msika lomwe likuyembekezeredwa la 45% pofika chaka cha 2025.

5.4 Chitetezo pa moto ndi kusunga mphamvu

Ponena za chitetezo cha moto ndi kusunga mphamvu, makampani otsogola ku China osungira mphamvu m'munda wa machitidwe oteteza moto ali ndi malo ofunikira oti awonjezere gawo la msika. Pakadali pano, chitetezo cha moto chimawerengera pafupifupi 3% ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu. Popeza mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa yalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu kudzawonjezeka mofulumira, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha moto komanso kuwonjezeka kofanana kwa ndalama zotetezera moto.

China imayang'ana kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu zazikulu, pomwe misika yakunja imayang'ana kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu m'nyumba. Mu 2021, gawo la kusungira mphamvu kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito mu malo atsopano osungira mphamvu ku China linafika pa 24%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kwake. Ponena za zochitika zinazake zogwiritsidwa ntchito, magawo amalonda ndi mafakitale am'nyumba ndi mapaki a mafakitale ndi ambiri, ndi gawo lonse lopitilira 80%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ntchito zazikulu zosungira mphamvu kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito.