Chinsinsi cha moyo wautali wa mabatire otha kubwezeretsedwanso chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu. Chitsanzo chatsopano cha momwe maselo a lithiamu-ion m'paketi amawonongeka chikuwonetsa njira yosinthira kuyatsa malinga ndi mphamvu ya selo lililonse kuti mabatire a EV athe kuthana ndi nthawi zambiri zoyatsira ndikuletsa kulephera.

Kafukufukuyu, wofalitsidwa pa Novembala 5 muUkadaulo wa IEEE pa Ukadaulo wa Machitidwe Olamulira, ikuwonetsa momwe kuyang'anira mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapita ku selo iliyonse m'paketi, m'malo mopereka mphamvu mofanana, kungachepetse kuwonongeka ndi kusweka. Njirayi imalola bwino selo lililonse kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri - komanso wautali - wa moyo wake.

Malinga ndi pulofesa wa ku Stanford komanso wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufuku Simona Onori, ma simulation oyamba akusonyeza kuti mabatire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ukadaulo watsopanowu amatha kuthana ndi ma charge-discharge okwana 20%, ngakhale atachajidwa mwachangu pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire ikhale ndi mavuto ambiri.

Kafukufuku watsopanoyu akuyamba ndi kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale kuti maulalo ofooka ndi osapeweka - chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwira komanso chifukwa chakuti maselo ena amawonongeka mofulumira kuposa ena pamene akukumana ndi mavuto monga kutentha - sayenera kugwetsa phukusi lonse. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa machaji malinga ndi mphamvu yapadera ya selo lililonse kuti apewe kulephera.

"Ngati sizingathetsedwe bwino, kusiyana kwa maselo ndi maselo kungawononge moyo wautali, thanzi, ndi chitetezo cha batire ndikuyambitsa vuto la batire msanga," adatero Onori, yemwe ndi pulofesa wothandizira wa sayansi ya mphamvu ku Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. "Njira yathu imalinganiza mphamvu mu selo iliyonse mu paketi, kubweretsa maselo onse ku mkhalidwe womaliza wa mphamvu moyenera ndikukweza moyo wautali wa paketi."

Anauziridwa kupanga batri la makilomita miliyoni

Gawo la zomwe zapangitsa kuti kafukufuku watsopanoyu ayambe mu 2020, linayamba ndi chilengezo cha Tesla, kampani yogulitsa magalimoto amagetsi, chokhudza ntchito ya "batri ya makilomita miliyoni." Iyi ingakhale batri yomwe imatha kuyendetsa galimoto kwa makilomita miliyoni imodzi kapena kuposerapo (ndi kuchajidwa nthawi zonse) isanafike pamene, monga batri ya lithiamu-ion mu foni yakale kapena laputopu, batri ya EV imakhala ndi chaji yochepa kwambiri kuti igwire ntchito.

Batire yotereyi ingapitirire chitsimikizo cha akatswiri opanga magalimoto cha mabatire amagetsi a zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena makilomita 100,000. Ngakhale kuti mabatire nthawi zambiri amakhala opitilira chitsimikizo chawo, chidaliro cha ogula pa magalimoto amagetsi chikhoza kukulitsidwa ngati mabatire okwera mtengo asintha pang'ono. Batire yomwe ingathebe kunyamula chaji pambuyo pa kubwezeretsanso zikwizikwi ingathandizenso kuyika magetsi m'malole akutali, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotchedwa magalimoto-kupita-ku-gridi, momwe mabatire a EV amasungira ndikutumiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa pa gridi yamagetsi.

“Pambuyo pake zinafotokozedwa kuti lingaliro la batri la makilomita miliyoni silinali latsopano kwenikweni, koma njira yongogwiritsa ntchito batri posagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yonse yochajira,” anatero Onori. Kafukufuku wofanana ndi ameneyu wayang'ana kwambiri maselo a lithiamu-ion amodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri samataya mphamvu yochajira mwachangu monga momwe mabatire onse amachitira.

Atachita chidwi, Onori ndi ofufuza awiri mu labu yake - katswiri wa postdoctoral Vahid Azimi ndi wophunzira PhD Anirudh Allam - adaganiza zofufuza momwe kasamalidwe katsopano ka mitundu ya mabatire omwe alipo kale kangathandizire magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa paketi yonse ya batire, yomwe ingakhale ndi maselo mazana kapena zikwizikwi.

Batire yodalirika kwambiri

Monga gawo loyamba, ofufuzawo adapanga chitsanzo chapamwamba kwambiri cha makompyuta cha machitidwe a batri chomwe chimayimira molondola kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala komwe kumachitika mkati mwa batri panthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Zina mwa zosinthazi zimachitika pakangopita masekondi kapena mphindi zochepa - zina zimatha pakatha miyezi kapena zaka.

"Malinga ndi zomwe tikudziwa, palibe kafukufuku wakale amene adagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa batri yodalirika kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri yomwe tidapanga," adatero Onori, yemwe ndi director wa Stanford Energy Control Lab.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma simulation pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi kunasonyeza kuti batire yamakono ikhoza kukonzedwa bwino ndikuwongoleredwa polandira kusiyana pakati pa maselo ake. Onori ndi anzake akuganiza kuti chitsanzo chawo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera chitukuko cha machitidwe oyang'anira mabatire m'zaka zikubwerazi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta pamapangidwe a magalimoto omwe alipo.

Si magalimoto amagetsi okha omwe angapindule. Pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse yomwe "imakakamiza batire kwambiri" ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yoyendetsera bwino malinga ndi zotsatira zatsopano, anatero Onori. Chitsanzo chimodzi? Ndege zofanana ndi drone zokhala ndi magetsi oyenda pansi, nthawi zina zimatchedwa eVTOL, zomwe amalonda ena amayembekezera kuti zizigwira ntchito ngati ma taxi amlengalenga ndikupereka ntchito zina zoyendera ndege m'mizinda m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Komabe, ntchito zina zamabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ntchito zikufunika, kuphatikizapo ndege wamba komanso kusungira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.

"Mabatire a lithiamu-ion asintha kale dziko m'njira zambiri," adatero Onori. "Ndikofunikira kuti tipeze zambiri momwe tingathere kuchokera muukadaulo wosinthawu ndi omwe adzakhalepo mtsogolo."